How the date is worked out
Years and months are added first, then weeks and days:
2. Keep the same day number, or use the month's last day if it's shorter
3. Add weeks × 7 + days on the calendar
Days are counted on the calendar, so a daylight saving change never makes the answer a day off.
The month-end rule
What is January 31 plus one month? February has no 31st, so the answer is the last day of February: February 28, or February 29 in a leap year. The same happens with March 31 minus one month, or August 31 plus one month (September 30). Spreadsheets like Excel's EDATE use the same rule.
Because of this, adding one month and then subtracting one month doesn't always get you back where you started: January 31 + 1 month = February 28, and February 28 − 1 month = January 28.
Worked examples
- 90 days from October 27, 2026: 5 days left in October, then 30 in November and 31 in December make 66, and 24 more in January lands on January 25, 2027.
- January 31, 2024 + 1 month: 2024 is a leap year, so it's February 29, 2024.
- 5 business days after Friday, November 20, 2026, skipping holidays: Mon 23, Tue 24, Wed 25, (Thanksgiving Thursday 26 skipped), Fri 27, Mon 30. The answer is November 30, 2026.
Business days
A business day here is Monday to Friday. The start date itself is never counted: 1 business day after a Friday is the next Monday. With holidays on, the 11 US federal holidays are skipped on the days they're observed (a Saturday holiday is observed the Friday before, a Sunday holiday the Monday after).
Limitations
- Legal and court deadlines often have their own counting rules (for example, what happens when the last day is a weekend). Follow the rule for your case.
- State and company holidays, like the day after Thanksgiving, aren't included. Banks also close on federal holidays but some businesses don't.
- Holidays are only skipped from 1971, when today's Monday holiday rules began.
Sources
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Introduction to calendars (Gregorian leap-year rule)
- U.S. Office of Personnel Management: Federal holidays (dates and the Saturday/Sunday "observed" rule)
- 5 U.S. Code § 6103 (the list of legal public holidays)