The 50/30/20 rule
The 50/30/20 rule, popularized by Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi in All Your Worth, splits take-home pay three ways:
Left over = take-home pay − total expenses · Each line's share = amount ÷ take-home pay × 100
- Needs: things you must pay: housing, groceries, utilities, insurance, transportation to work, minimum loan payments.
- Wants: things you could cut: eating out, streaming, hobbies, travel, upgrades.
- Savings: emergency fund, retirement, and debt payments above the minimum.
Worked example
On $4,000 a month, the guideline is $2,000 for needs, $1,200 for wants and $800 for savings. The sample expenses add up to $3,220, which leaves $780. Rent of $1,400 is 1,400 ÷ 4,000 = 35% of income, and needs total $2,520, which is $520 over the 50% guideline.
Limitations
- In high-cost areas, rent alone can pass 50%. Treat the split as a starting point, not a pass/fail test.
- Use take-home pay (after taxes). If money comes out of your paycheck for a 401(k) or health insurance, those are already counted.
- Irregular income? Budget from a low month, and save the extra in good months.
Sources
- Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, All Your Worth: The Ultimate Lifetime Money Plan (Free Press, 2005)
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Your Money, Your Goals